May 13, 2025

106: WealthOps the Accelerator to Building Your Micro Family Office

Episode 106: WealthOps the Accelerator to Building Your Micro Family Office

Discover how to design your wealth like a product, implement it like a startup, and build a scalable Micro Family Office in just 12 weeks with our Free Master Class - The WealthOps Way !

🎧 If your financial life feels more like a patchwork of spreadsheets than a cohesive system, this episode is for you. In Episode 106 of Managing Tech Millions , Christopher Nelson walks you through the Architect and Build phases of WealthOps—the two most critical steps in building a Micro Family Office that runs like a business.

This is the practical, no-fluff foundation every tech professional needs. Stop guessing and start structuring your wealth with purpose, precision, and power.

Whether you’re managing $1M or $30M, these two phases will show you how to transform chaos into clarity—and create a machine that runs your money, not the other way around.

Highlights:

  • The Architect Phase: Why you must define your vision before deploying capital
  • The Build Phase: How to structure your entity, team, and tools for maximum efficiency
  • Legacy-Driven Design: Crafting an investment thesis that reflects your values and goals
  • Team Strategy: Why your tax advisor may be your weakest link—and how to fix it
  • Execution at Startup Speed: How to complete this transformation in just 12 weeks

Actionable Insights:

  • The three documents that serve as the cornerstone of your wealth system
  • How to set up an LLC or holding company that supports scale and asset protection
  • How to audit and upgrade your financial team using tech-style performance metrics
  • Tools, checklists, and workflows for running your wealth like an executive MBA
  • The mindset shift from DIY dabbler to wealth CEO

 

Episode Timeline:

  • [00:00:00] Introduction: Wealth is growing—but your system is broken
  • [00:02:30] Architect Phase: Why clarity comes before capital
  • [00:06:30] Crafting a Legacy Statement and Investment Thesis
  • [00:10:00] Story: The $3M Portfolio with No Purpose
  • [00:13:00] Build Phase: From entity formation to operations
  • [00:17:30] Building Your Team: Hiring for performance, not convenience
  • [00:22:00] Avoiding the 3 Wealth Personas: Burners, Freezers, and Dabblers
  • [00:26:00] Final Thoughts: Systemize your wealth and scale without burnout

 

Join me for this third episode in the Foundations Series—and learn how the Architect & Build phases unlock the structure, clarity, and speed you need to confidently scale your wealth while working full-time.

 

Transcript

(0:00) You've made the money, your income is high, the equity is flowing in, net worth climbing. (0:07) But in reality, your wealth is a mess. It's a jumble of spreadsheets.

It's talking to five (0:12) different people listening to 10 different podcasts. You don't really know what's happening. (0:17) That's the reality for many people in tech who are building wealth.

But this is exactly the reason (0:22) that I built WealthOps, so that you can have a very systemized way that you can learn how to (0:27) build your wealth as a business. Let's dig in. Welcome to Managing Tech Millions, (0:33) the podcast for tech professionals navigating the journey from high earners to confident wealth (0:39) managers.

Struggling with equity compensation decisions? Are you curious about turning your (0:44) portfolio into a thriving, scalable business? You're in the right place. Master your millions, (0:51) own your legacy. Join us each week as we uncover strategies, share actionable insights, (0:58) and help you take charge as CEO of your financial future.

Welcome to Managing Tech Millions. I'm (1:05) your host, Christopher Nelson, and I'm excited to bring this episode to you on the architect and (1:11) build phase of WealthOps, which is part of our foundation series. We've been walking you through (1:16) some previous episodes of how do you think, like the ultra wealthy, what are the five key mindsets (1:23) that they have? How do you actually build a micro family office and what is that? Today, we're going (1:29) to talk about the two key phases of WealthOps, architect and build, and how important they are (1:35) to help you quickly go from zero to micro family office.

That's what we're going to break down. (1:43) Ultimately, for you to understand that I've built this to be something similar to what you already (1:51) understand. Number one, you're in a business building every day.

I'm going to map a lot of the (1:57) same things that you see, know, and understand in business to how you're building this micro (2:03) family office leveraging WealthOps. I've also structured it just like the DevOps framework, (2:08) where there are phases and then there's cycles. There's architect and build, two phases that you (2:14) go through, then you're in the run cycle, this infinite loop of iteration where you're continuing (2:20) to grow and scale your micro family office.

Today, we're going to talk about the architect, (2:26) how do you actually design what you want to build and how important that is, (2:30) and then how do you build. Just like DevOps, this is a framework that needs to be executed in order, (2:37) and anytime you skip a step, you're inviting pain into your life. (2:42) Let's get started with number one, architects.

Before we get into the architect phase, (2:47) let me tell you a quick story that creates a point here, is that there is a $10 million illusion (2:56) that's out there that truly exists in this world. It was highlighted by a television show that my (3:02) wife and I watched recently, which is Friends and Neighbors. Friends and Neighbors stars John (3:08) Hamm playing a character, Andy Cooper, who is a hedge fund manager.

He manages this hedge fund, (3:15) and arguably he is making millions of dollars every year when you look at his lifestyle. (3:21) In the first episode, he gets fired. He then talks to his accountant, his business manager, (3:27) and asks, how much runway do I have? He has six months.

He has six months before he starts (3:33) dipping into investments, having to start turning cars back over to dealerships, and so on and so (3:41) forth. In reality, the key thing that I want to tease out here is that when you build wealth, (3:49) it is easy to be overweight on focusing on your income and not spending any time on (3:57) what am I doing with my wealth? Am I really building a financial fortress to support me (4:02) through anything, or am I just believing a false belief that this income is going to continue (4:08) forever? Because life happens. Health happens.

Family happens. All this stuff happens. (4:14) I think the other thing to consider is that he's obviously treating, one, his income generation (4:22) as more important than managing his own personal wealth.

That is a concept that I really want to (4:29) challenge, and I think it's really important. When you do think of what you want your wealth to do (4:34) for you, you have to make it a first tier. This is something that we covered off in the first (4:40) episode of the Foundation series.

What's the mindset of the deck of millionaires? Well, (4:44) they treat their wealth as a legacy, as a generational business. That's a huge mindset (4:50) shift. When we start thinking about the fact that our wealth can be fragile, that we have to focus (4:58) on it, this is exactly why I created WealthOpps, so that there's a clear, systematic way to build (5:06) out an architect of your micro-family office.

This architect is based on the frameworks that (5:14) single-family offices used, scaled down, so it's the concentrated version of just what you would (5:20) need. This is where I would challenge any of my tech employees. You wouldn't deploy a product (5:28) without testing, metrics, version control, but this is how people manage most of their money, (5:35) is that they don't have a product lifecycle.

They don't have a design for it. They're just (5:41) going and implementing features with no clarity on what they want. This is where in the architect (5:48) phase, we say that you don't want to deploy capital until you are clear on where you want (5:55) to allocate it and why.

You want to ensure that you have that clarity. In the architect phase, (6:03) this is the blueprint phase. This is also where many people can skip it and they can go wrong.

(6:09) This is not what you want to do. You want to go and execute it. In the architect phase, we can (6:16) execute this in six weeks.

Architect phase is something that we can build together and we (6:24) can implement an investment thesis, a legacy statement, and also make sure you do an (6:31) assessment of your portfolio. You start then creating a list of where you want to start (6:37) deploying your capital. That is what an architect phase looks like.

The questions that you're asking (6:43) yourself, especially around this legacy statement, are you're asking yourself the questions of what (6:49) is the purpose that you want to give your money? How do you really want it to work for you? (6:55) It's so important that you think of it that way because ultimately, you're not going to be able (7:02) to have your money achieve any of its goals if you're not clear on what those goals are. You have to (7:07) paint the target to be able to go and hit it. Thinking about things if you did not have to (7:15) work for money, what would your purpose be? It's a big, heavy question, but it's also one that (7:21) once you start trying to answer it and you see what's written back on the page, that iteration (7:26) will then allow you to do another one and do another one.

Exactly just like launching a product (7:33) and building code, it's really about how do you get started, get off of a blank page, (7:39) look at something to start with, and then move forward. The investment thesis (7:45) then accompanies that because your legacy statement is really your why. Then you start (7:50) looking at your asset categories or what you want to invest in.

Then you say, how am I going (7:56) to measure it? Because the question that I would ask for you is, would you go to work for a company (8:02) that didn't have any way of measuring its results, whether it was a company that had no net promoter (8:09) score, or didn't know what customers thought about the product? Of course you wouldn't. You wouldn't go (8:16) because nothing can be managed if there's not a measurement to go with it. This is where it's (8:21) important that you start understanding and tracking how you want to measure success (8:26) in your micro family office.

Then ultimately that's going to then paint this picture of (8:33) where do you want to invest? You're going to start highlighting the jobs that you want your money to (8:39) do, and then you're going to be able to paint that. Ultimately, this framework of building (8:45) your wealth, building a business around your wealth, there is so much that you understand and (8:51) know today that you can map to how you're building this business, especially those who (8:59) have been in early stage companies and startups that have had multiple roles, seen across business. (9:04) When you start mapping it, you can do this.

This is why the WealthOps framework and how it's (9:09) structured is intended to map what you know and what you understand to then how you build this (9:16) business so that it doesn't take months. You're really executing this in weeks. This is where the (9:24) intention of WealthOps, the architect and builder, is done in 12 weeks where you're establishing your (9:30) architect, and then you're also building out the framework.

We're going to talk about build (9:36) next. The key thing is you can't skip this process. You can't.

Let me tell you a story. (9:43) The $3 million portfolio with no purpose, I had a gentleman who approached me for coaching. (9:51) He had five rental properties.

He had a couple angel deals, and he had a really robust 401k, (9:59) some equity compensation. My first question was, what goals are you trying to reach with this? (10:06) That was the question that he couldn't answer. Then when I dove in and I said, (10:12) is this portfolio, is it making you happy? Is it satisfying some educational goals or other (10:21) things? Sure, he'd commented anecdotally, I learned a few things from it, but what I'm (10:27) realizing is the more I grow and scale it, it's just becoming exhausting.

The point being is that (10:34) if you have clarity, for myself, having been managing my family office for close to 12 years (10:41) now, I have clarity on where I want to invest. I want three quarters of my portfolio to be (10:48) very passive, meaning that I do a lot of the work before I invest. I manage it very diligently, (10:54) but I'm not having to spend a lot of hours every single week on those investments.

I'm not getting (11:00) a lot of phone calls on those investments, single family properties. I want 25% of my portfolio to (11:06) be where it aligns really with passions. Also, I believe that I can impact the upside.

(11:12) That's clarity. That's what clarity sounds like, and that's what it feels like. I'm not (11:16) saying this to try and say I'm better than anyone.

I'm trying to say this so that you can (11:22) see clear examples of what this looks and feels like. That is the architect phase. That comes (11:29) first, and it has to come first because when you walk out of that and you have drafted your (11:33) investment thesis, your legacy statement, you're going to have so much clarity.

I did an episode (11:40) with my friend, Marco Quevedo, earlier this year, where he talked about how this investment thesis (11:45) are the compass in the business plan. They're actually the compass for the business plan (11:51) of single family offices worth billions of dollars. Whenever they make an investment, (11:57) they need to understand how it aligns with that thesis or not.

It's updated. They make (12:04) modifications to it annually to set the tone for the next year. Architect phase can't be missed, (12:11) and it's important that you walk away understanding that as a technology employee, (12:16) you can implement the architect phase in just a short number of weeks, and you can do it while (12:22) you're working a full-time job as well because it's structured to be done just like an executive (12:27) MBA.

I'm going to touch on the build here in a second, but I do want to let everyone know, (12:32) I mentioned it earlier on, that I do provide master classes. I'm running these monthly so that (12:40) you can get an opportunity to understand what it looks like to build your legacy statement. (12:46) You can come into the class.

You can get a deeper overview of what WealthOps really is, (12:52) and then in those two days, we walk you through generating a first draft of not just your legacy (12:57) statement, but also your investment thesis. If you want to learn more, please go to wealthops.live (13:03) right now, and you can see when our next class is scheduled, and you can apply now. Thank you.

(13:09) Okay. After you architect, now you build. Now you have the design.

You have the blueprint. (13:15) Just like if somebody is going to build a house and you don't have a blueprint, (13:19) good luck. I don't know how that's going to turn out.

It's probably going to look like a Salvador (13:23) Dali painting. Who knows? I'm excited to talk about the build because this is the infrastructure (13:31) that you need to run your portfolio as a business, and it's also talking about the team (13:35) because this isn't something that you're doing by yourself. You have a specialized team, (13:40) and you do it pay per service.

We're not at the size and scale where you're hiring people full (13:45) time, but it's pay per service, but all of this stuff we're going to be talking about is going to (13:50) be aligned with you understanding some of the skills that you already use in your day job. (13:55) How do you bring those over? Let's talk about the structure of the micro family office, (14:00) meaning that there's going to be a holding company, an LLC, an S Corp. Usually, you let (14:06) your tax people guide you.

If you start as an LLC, that's a very easy, low-risk way to start (14:12) where you can actually get some level of asset protection, start moving some assets in there, (14:17) and by structuring it, you start getting different levels of tax efficiency. (14:22) There are strategies where you can take non-deductible expenses and make them deductible (14:27) off your taxes, and this is, again, all operated with a team, but this is where setting up your (14:34) structure is done very easily in the Wealth Ops. We have a checklist that says, here is the (14:40) straight out of the box, and then we also identify here are some vendors that we know and that we (14:45) use.

Here's other vendors so that you can think about getting a business checking account that (14:50) has interest, getting some really low fee, but you have good travel points, credit cards, (14:57) but going through that list, setting up the LLC, making sure you're working with a registered (15:02) agent so that it doesn't have your home address on there. There's, again, more security that's (15:07) baked in there, making sure your operating statement is reviewed by a lawyer, and it's not (15:12) just a templated operating statement, but it's an operating statement for a holding company, (15:17) and then you start moving your assets in there. You start transitioning, whether it's cash into (15:22) the bank account or whether it's ownership of brokerage accounts and other things to the LLC (15:27) so that everything is owned and run out of that.

It starts becoming your business. Set up (15:33) accounting for it as well. This is when really the rubber meets the road and you start (15:38) realizing, oh my goodness, I'm running a startup company, and I think anybody who's (15:44) been involved in that idea to seed, you realize there is a, hey, we're working on something.

Now (15:51) we have to go get the entity. We've got to go get bank accounts. We've got the bank accounts (15:55) full.

This is real. It's important to understand that one of the factors of creating this entity (16:04) is to do that, is to make it separate, is to give it so that you can see in your head, (16:11) I have got this micro family office that is going to be focused on. It's a mission to grow (16:18) and protect my family's wealth.

That is arguably more important than my day job because I want this (16:24) to continue after this. Think about that for a moment. We're formalizing it into a business to (16:31) give it something.

I think even for us, we have put on our LLC names some historical family (16:39) names that are significant to us that again is part of this whole, the legacy. It's part of (16:46) the legacy. It's part of what we want to leave behind.

Setting up your structure is relatively (16:50) straightforward. Again, this is part of our 12 week sprint that we have to get people (16:54) through architect and build. As you go there, there's checklists and it's really more of to-do, (16:59) setting it up, moving it in, getting different questions answered.

I think where it gets (17:04) interesting is the team and the organizational chart. Who do you need when and how do you (17:14) actually engage them? Let's talk about that for a second because coming out of the architect phase, (17:20) there is a, in this 12 week sprint, there is a performing an assessment and part of the (17:25) assessment is operations. Looking at the performance of who you currently have on your team (17:32) and asking the question, what do you think of their performance? The shocking thing, (17:38) 90% of the people that I've worked with say that their tax person is meh, meh.

Okay. Shocking me. (17:47) Why is that? Because investing in a great tax person lets you keep more money, (17:54) lets you put more money in your pocket.

That's basically like saying I'm running a team at work (18:01) and my key person, my right-hand person, I'm going to make a below average or average higher. (18:08) That's really what that's saying. Taking that back a little bit in the build phase, it is so (18:14) important that you start understanding how you analyze, like build the requirements, (18:21) like roles and responsibilities, Doc, or who do you want to hire? Most people do not do that (18:26) when they're going out to hire.

Can you do taxes? Can you just get my taxes done? And they think (18:31) about it again with a middle-class mindset of I want my taxes prepared versus the ultra wealthy (18:38) mindset, which is that the tax code is a book of incentives. If somebody knows how to follow this, (18:43) I pay no taxes. Hey, can you help me unlock this thing? Can I work with you on the side and can I (18:51) save an extra 30, 50, a hundred grand a year? It's the difference in the mindset, but it also (18:56) results in the difference of hiring.

So you need to have requirements. And this is where we have (19:01) some processes baked out for our different specialists, whether that's estate planning, (19:07) tax strategy, or asset protection. What are your requirements that you need to put in? (19:15) How does that then create the questions that you need to ask? Where are places that you can go look (19:20) for them in your area if you need somebody that's state specific, maybe even city specific, (19:29) or maybe you can choose nationally, but then how do you go interview them? Get three to four of (19:34) them, interview them, go through the questions in there.

And we're obviously happy in the (19:39) Wealthbook Collective, I share my preferred vendors with people as well. So it's easy. (19:44) But it's important that you do look at this as a team and just like a team at work, (19:53) if somebody is coasting on your team and you're working in a hyper growth startup company, (20:00) it's incredibly unforgiving that you need to meet your deadlines.

How are you going to treat (20:05) that person? Well, you're probably going to put them on a PIP, a performance improvement plan, (20:10) and you're going to get to the point where you're going to walk them out the door. (20:13) It's true. So in this scenario as well, you also need to have commitments (20:21) and metrics with who you're working with to understand their timelines.

Are they meeting (20:25) their timelines? Are they customer centric? Are they taking care of you? Are they good partners? (20:30) Because if they're not, you do not have to work with them. Let me say this again, because I feel (20:36) like some people just don't understand this. You do not have to work with the same tax person you're (20:41) working with right now.

You don't have to work with the same estate planner. You can go change (20:45) them and you need to find somebody who works the way you work. I really enjoy my tax planners (20:51) because they have tools that allow them to shoot me texts and I can text back and we can communicate (20:57) that way.

I really like that. I don't want to have to be tied to emails or phone calls or (21:02) always formal meetings. I do a lot of asynchronous work.

They have a workflow and a thing where I can (21:07) then be working on questions. Hey, I have this idea. I can log that into a tool where then they (21:12) can then record that.

They can get back to me. They can bring that into our next strategy meeting. (21:17) These are important things that you understand because the more you ask for people to work with (21:23) at your cadence, you're a busy executive, you want to build a micro-family office, (21:27) you're looking for different checkpoints.

That's critical. You need to have an interview process (21:33) and then you want to track and measure results. Ultimately, again, this is a pay per service.

(21:40) You're looking to not hire full-time and you want to make sure that if you are working with people (21:45) that have some type of ongoing subscription services and you're not getting the value, (21:50) just cancel those things. The other thing that happens towards the end of build is (21:54) just implementing the core processes, the run state core processes where you start getting (22:00) an idea of what you need to do week over week, month over month, quarter over quarter to run (22:06) your micro family office. That is actually going to be what we're going to be talking about in the (22:11) next episode.

How do you actually run your micro family office and what does that really look (22:15) like? Not getting into all of the details of all of the steps, but just thinking about it as a (22:22) business owner. Part of what I'm trying to make sure that people understand in this episode and (22:27) the next is that this process was made for you so that you can execute this and build this micro (22:34) family office while you have a full-time job. Because I built this and ran this while I had (22:40) full-time jobs and it didn't, it didn't kill me.

I'm here to say, uh, and you can do the same (22:47) thing too. So it's so important that, you know, you think through the architect, how do I design it? (22:54) Build? How do I create the structure when you're done with that? And then you also have the (22:59) structure, you have the team, and then you also are clear on, okay, what are the processes I need (23:03) to execute? When you have those two phases done, you are ready to run. You're ready to start running (23:10) your business.

You actually have the core and you're ready to go. Okay. For many of you, I know (23:15) that you're just DIY.

You're just, you're sort of cobbling this thing together. And unfortunately, (23:22) what I've seen, and I've had hundreds of conversations with hundreds of technology (23:26) employees about this at this point in time. And what I see is that it's either there's people (23:32) who are burning baby burn.

They're just focused on income, income, income, trying to build that nest (23:38) and they're leveraging up their lifestyle. Or you have somebody who is just frozen, (23:44) like they're, they're, they're stuck. They don't know who to trust.

They don't know what to do next. (23:48) And so essentially what they're doing is nothing. They're treating their equity (23:53) compensation, like a savings account.

They're continuing to just put more and more in it, (23:58) watch it grow. When reality creates a lot of risk. Right.

And then the third one is, is the (24:06) DIY or the dabbler where the hobbyist, right, where they're in there and they have some (24:11) investments and they're doing things. The impact of that is the fact that, you know, they're there. (24:18) Many of them are building portfolios that then start taking more and more time.

And many of (24:23) them start feeling overweight, not overweight physically, but overweight in certain asset (24:30) classes or, or things they're trying to do so that they're losing a lot of time. (24:34) And then they don't understand. They can't see the benefit of it.

This is exactly why (24:39) wealth ops was built so that you get clear on what you're building up front and how you want (24:45) your wealth to unlock your lifestyle. Right? Let me say this again, is that when you build a (24:52) business around your wealth, you are essentially building a business. So you put your dollars to (24:57) work so that then you don't have to work as hard as you used to.

That's what you're doing. (25:03) But if you don't design it and you don't build it correctly, you should have no expectations (25:09) going to function how you want. You shouldn't, because if that's not clear, then what you're (25:15) doing is you're just, you're guessing.

You're just, you're sort of playing over here. (25:19) And I'm saying this because I want you to really take seriously the opportunity that is wealth (25:25) ops of really learning how to architect and build your wealth so that you can scale up without (25:32) burnout. You can leverage out of the box, repeatable processes, and you can get clear on (25:39) how you map the skills that you're using today to what you can use.

So it sort of demystifies (25:44) all of this. One of the things that I've heard out of the last two courses that we did with the (25:50) wealth ops way was people were saying, oh my gosh, like I thought it was so complicated, but it's not. (25:56) And when you remove the fluff, you remove the mystery.

And all of a sudden you see how you're (26:01) just creating a business and you're leveraging a lot of the same skills. All of a sudden, (26:07) you know that the true value of what this is gets unlocked. And then guess what? You can get your (26:13) wealth working for you and you can get to the lifestyle sooner.

I mean, that's the one thing (26:18) that I will wrap up with is that, you know, I started off just like everybody else. Like I (26:24) learned this the hard way. I learned this by tripping over my own shoelaces.

And ultimately (26:30) what I discovered was when I was a hobbyist, the more I just sort of hunted and pecked at this thing (26:36) and just sort of put time in when I could, like I wasn't getting the results I wanted. (26:41) When I made the decision to treat this as a business and really get laser focused and start (26:47) creating and walking through these steps of the architect, the build run, the results came (26:52) faster than I ever expected. And this is my hope for you is that you can take these processes.

(26:57) And unlike myself, who I had to work 10 years to get to my financial independence and freedom (27:03) and replace my paycheck, that you could do it even sooner. That's my hope for you. (27:08) So that wraps up this episode.

You know, what is WealthOps? You know, it's the highest level. (27:14) How does it really map to what you do as a business and how it relates to building and (27:21) a micro family office. And that was the architect and build.

Next episode, I'm going to dive into the (27:28) run. Remember, this is the foundation series where we're trying to remove all the noise, (27:32) remove all the fluff and give you the financial education that you've been looking for ever (27:37) since you came into wealth and you're trying to figure out how it really works? Well, (27:41) we are here. I will see you next time.

And I just want to say, if you want more information like (27:47) this, you know, this podcast, Managing Tech Millions also has a blog where we're producing (27:53) some long pillar posts on a lot of this information, very deep. And then we also have (27:59) a newsletter where we continue to give you strategies and tactics on how you grow, (28:04) build and protect your wealth, running it like a business. It's all in managing tech millions (28:09) dot com.

So you got to go there. Subscribe. You can subscribe to the subs stack.

You can follow (28:15) the podcast. We also have a YouTube channel as well. Managing Tech Millions.

Go follow us. (28:21) And I think your life will get better. We'll see you next week.

Christopher Nelson Profile Photo

Christopher Nelson

Host

Navigating the vast seas of Cloud Computing and Digital Transformation, Christopher Nelson emerged as a force in the technology space over two decades.

From setbacks in early startup ventures to pivotal roles in the IPO successes of Splunk, Yext, and GitLab, Christopher's journey was anything but linear. Today, he predominantly focuses on speaking and coaching, sharing insights from his dynamic career.

As the co-founder of Wealthward Capital, and the voice of "Tech Career & Money Talk," he guides tech professionals towards financial independence. His diverse path, including global travels, entrepreneurial ventures, and eventual triumphs, serves as the backdrop for his teachings, soon to be encapsulated in his book, "From No Dough to IPO".